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Presidents in History

Daily White House News and Presidential History

Sunday, September 15, 2024

Another Dark Chapter:

The Continuing Threats Against 45th President Trump:

Political Violence in America

by Anthony Giannini

Today, another attempt was made on former President Donald Trump, marking the latest in a series of threats that have escalated in recent months. Secret Service agents swiftly implemented heightened security measures, ensuring the former president's safety. This incident, along with a previous attempt in Butler, PA, where threats were made against Trump during a public event, underscores the ongoing risks faced by high-profile political figures. The Butler incident, which took place amidst growing political tensions, led to a temporary lockdown as law enforcement responded quickly to the threat.

The repeated attempts on Trump’s life highlight a disturbing trend of political violence in America. These incidents are a stark reminder of the increasingly polarized political landscape, which has fostered a dangerous environment for public figures. As the nation continues to grapple with divisive rhetoric, it is clear that a long-term solution is needed to reduce political violence, ensure the safety of leaders, and promote civil discourse across the country.

* * *

In the Race for the 47th Presidency: Donald J. Trump vs. Kamala D. Harris

As of July 24, 2024

By: Anthony Giannini

In the heated race for the 47th presidency of the United States, former President Donald J. Trump and Vice President Kamala D. Harris emerge as the primary contenders. Drawing from an extensive array of sources, including polling data, social research center findings, deep artificial intelligence modeling, public surveys, major media positions, metadata analysis, and even dark web objective reports, we delve into their current standings, backgrounds, and potential trajectories.

Donald J. Trump: A Resurgent Campaign

Former President Donald J. Trump, buoyed by a fervent base and relentless media presence, has seen his support remain robust. Polls indicate that Trump's approval among likely Republican voters hovers around 45-50%, with his overall national approval rating fluctuating between 35-40%. Social research centers note a deep polarization in his support, with strong backing from rural areas, white working-class voters, and older demographics. AI models and metadata analyses show a persistent and organized online campaign, utilizing both mainstream and fringe platforms to galvanize his supporters.

Kamala D. Harris: A Steady Climb

Vice President Kamala D. Harris, the Democratic front-runner, enjoys strong support from urban centers, minority communities, and younger voters. Her approval among likely Democratic voters stands at approximately 50-55%, with her overall national approval rating ranging from 40-45%. Public surveys and social research indicate a steady climb in her popularity, driven by her policy focus on healthcare, social justice, and economic reform. Major media positions are generally favorable, highlighting her tenure as Vice President and her role in pivotal legislative achievements.

Candidate Biographies

Donald J. Trump: The Outsider Turned Establishment Figure

Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, in Queens, New York. He graduated from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1968 with a degree in economics. Trump's earliest foray into politics was marked by his high-profile business career, becoming a household name through his real estate empire and the reality TV show "The Apprentice."

Trump's political motivations stemmed from a desire to upend the status quo, which he perceived as ineffective and corrupt. Running as a political outsider, he capitalized on populist sentiments, promising to "Make America Great Again." His unique background as a businessman with no prior political experience appealed to voters disillusioned with traditional politicians.

During his presidency (2017-2021), Trump focused on deregulation, tax cuts, and a controversial immigration policy. His administration was characterized by its unconventional approach, direct communication via social media, and frequent clashes with the press and political opponents.

If re-elected, Trump’s potential presidency would likely focus on stringent immigration policies, economic nationalism, and a continuation of his "America First" agenda. His ability to galvanize his base and dominate media narratives remains a critical asset.

Kamala D. Harris: The Prosecutor and Progressive Advocate

Kamala Devi Harris was born on October 20, 1964, in Oakland, California. She graduated from Howard University in 1986 with a degree in political science and economics, followed by a Juris Doctor from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law, in 1989.

Harris began her political career in the legal field, serving as Deputy District Attorney in Alameda County, California. Her motivations were rooted in a commitment to justice and equality, influenced by her diverse background and the civil rights movement. She became the District Attorney of San Francisco in 2004 and later the Attorney General of California in 2011.

In 2017, Harris was elected to the U.S. Senate, where she gained national recognition for her incisive questioning during Senate hearings and her advocacy on issues like criminal justice reform, immigration, and healthcare. Her historic election as the first female, first Black, and first South Asian Vice President in 2020 cemented her as a prominent figure in American politics.

A potential Harris presidency would likely prioritize comprehensive healthcare reform, climate change action, and social justice initiatives. Her prosecutorial background and progressive stance on key issues position her as a candidate capable of bridging gaps within the Democratic Party and appealing to a broad electorate.

Comparative Analysis and Predictive Insights

In comparing the two candidates, Trump’s strengths lie in his established base, media savvy, and ability to dominate the political discourse. His potential presidency would likely see a return to his prior policies, with an emphasis on economic nationalism and conservative social policies. However, his polarizing figure could deepen national divisions.

Harris, on the other hand, offers a blend of progressive policy advocacy and pragmatic governance. Her potential presidency would focus on unifying diverse voter blocs, advancing social justice, and implementing systemic reforms. Her legal background and experience as Vice President provide a solid foundation for effective leadership, but she must navigate the challenges of a deeply divided political landscape.

As the race progresses, the nation watches closely, anticipating the potential impacts each candidate could have on the future of the United States. Both Trump and Harris embody distinct visions for America, with their electoral fates intertwined with the prevailing sentiments and challenges of the times.

July 14, 2024
For Immediate Release

On July 13, 2024, former President Donald J. Trump survived an assassination attempt while attending a public event in Miami, Florida. The assailant, who has been apprehended, acted alone according to preliminary investigations. This incident underscores the escalating political violence in the United States, driven by deep-seated partisan divisions, rampant misinformation, and the increasing radicalization of political discourse. Analysts warn that such acts of violence reflect a broader societal trend towards intolerance and polarization, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to promote political stability and civility in public discourse. — Anthony Giannini, White House WHGS News

July 13, 2024
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
WHGS NEWS

Political Violence in America
From the January 6, 2021 Attack on the U.S. Capitol and Award of Gold Medals to U.S. Capitol Police Officers to the Assassination Attempt of 45th President Donald J. Trump on July 13, 2024

Pathways Forward

by

Anthony Giannini

Six Historic Perspectives of the Significance of the Event

Introduction

The event of Congress awarding Gold Medals to police who protected the U.S. Capitol on January 6th, 2021, marks a poignant moment in American history. This act of recognition not only honors the bravery and sacrifice of the officers but also underscores the ongoing struggle against political violence in America. This article delves into the historical significance of this event, examines its relation to the broader context of political violence in the U.S., and proposes measures to reduce such violence.

1. The Heroism of January 6th, 2021

The January 6th Capitol attack was a watershed moment in American history. As rioters breached the Capitol, the seat of American democracy was under siege. The actions of the Capitol police were crucial in protecting lawmakers and maintaining order. Awarding Gold Medals to these officers acknowledges their heroism and reinforces the importance of defending democratic institutions against violent threats.

2. Congressional Gold Medal: A Symbol of Valor

The Congressional Gold Medal is one of the highest civilian honors in the United States, awarded to individuals or groups who have performed an achievement that has an impact on American history and culture. By bestowing this honor on the Capitol police, Congress is not only recognizing their bravery but also making a powerful statement about the sanctity of democratic processes and the rule of law.

3. A Reflection on Political Violence in American History

Political violence is not a new phenomenon in America. From the Civil War to the civil rights movement, the U.S. has a long history of political unrest. The January 6th attack is reminiscent of past events where political grievances escalated into violence. By reflecting on these historical parallels, we can better understand the causes and consequences of political violence and the importance of addressing them.

4. The Assassination Attempt on Donald J. Trump

The recent assassination attempt on former President Donald J. Trump on July 13, 2024, highlights the persistent threat of political violence in America. This incident, like the January 6th attack, demonstrates the potential for political tensions to manifest in violent acts. It underscores the urgency of addressing the root causes of political violence to prevent further escalation.

5. The Role of Government and Civil Society

Reducing political violence requires a multifaceted approach involving government action, media responsibility, and civil society engagement. Strengthening democratic institutions, promoting political education, and fostering a culture of respect and dialogue are crucial steps. Bipartisan cooperation is essential to create a unified front against political violence.

6. A Path Forward: Strategies to Mitigate Political Violence

To mitigate political violence, it is imperative to:

• Enhance security measures for public officials and institutions.
• Promote political literacy and critical thinking skills among the public.
• Encourage responsible media reporting to prevent the spread of misinformation.
• Support community initiatives that foster dialogue and reconciliation.
• Implement policies that address socio-economic disparities and political grievances.

Conclusion

The awarding of Gold Medals to the Capitol police serves as a reminder of the importance of safeguarding democracy against political violence. It highlights the bravery of those who stand in defense of democratic institutions and the need for collective efforts to address the root causes of political unrest. By learning from history and implementing comprehensive strategies, America can strive towards a more peaceful and stable political future.

Anthony Giannini

U.S./MIL Certs: Counterintelligence Agent, Protection of the President, Adv. Intelligence Analyst, Antiterrorism Officer (USA, U.S. Army, Defense Jag School of Law, Security Services Academy), Charter Sponsor of Record—The United States Air Force Memorial, Washington D.C.

Thank you for your support of the United States White House Gift Shop, Est., 1946 by Order of President Harry S. Truman, Brigadier General H. Vaughn, U.S. Army, and Members of United States Secret Service

March 21, 2023









PRESIDENT BIDEN'S COVERT TRAIN RIDE ACROSS POLAND

A Coin to Support Ukraine’s Fight for Freedom.

Washington, D.C. — In a time when global crises often feel overwhelming, a small but significant gesture emerges from the heart of American tradition—the White House Gift Shop (WHGS), established in 1946 by the U.S. Secret Service and President Harry S. Truman, has released its newest addition to the Historic Moments in Presidential History Coin Collection. This commemorative coin does more than celebrate a presidency; it embodies a powerful act of solidarity with the people of Ukraine, who continue their fight for freedom against the tyranny of Vladimir Putin.

Anthony Giannini, CEO of WHGS, announced the release of the coin with a message filled with historical reflection and hope for the future. The coin commemorates President Biden’s daring journey across Poland and into Kyiv, a symbol of unwavering support for Ukraine. But this coin is not just a collector’s item—it is a beacon of hope. On December 10, 2024, a significant portion of the proceeds from its sale consolidated with additional WHGS donations—will be directed to Ukraine House, under the guidance of Ukraine's Ambassador and President Volodymyr Zelensky. WHGS' focus is to provide much-needed aid to those suffering from the ravages of war.

Giannini, a man whose career has spanned roles in education, government, business, Intelligence, science, art, and military, brings a deeply personal touch to the project. He sees the coins not just as art, but as storytelling—a way to capture the spirit of a presidential administration and, in this case, to immortalize Biden’s bold gesture of support for Ukraine. "The patriots of Ukraine have one core dream—freedom," Giannini says, reflecting on the resilience and bravery of a people determined to protect their democracy. While no single coin can change the course of Ukraine’s battle for independence, the funds raised will go a long way in providing support to the country’s most vulnerable—its women and children seeking refuge in America.

The White House Gift Shop's commitment to charity is not new for the organization. In addition to its work in Ukraine, WHGS has long supported causes within the United States, including helping families affected by domestic violence and the families of fallen law enforcement officers.

Giannini’s passion for giving back is rooted in his family’s own history of service. He grew up with stories of ancestors who served the nation in different capacities, from fighting alongside Thomas Jefferson to funding Walt Disney’s vision of Snow White. This legacy of service fuels his dedication to helping others today, whether through designing collectible coins or directing profits to those in need.

The President Biden Covert Train Ride Across Poland & Ukrainian Patriot Commemorative Coin is now available for purchase, and every sale brings more hope to the people of Ukraine. "Freedom," Giannini reminds us, "is a dream worth fighting for.Each coin purchased is a step toward relief for Ukraine’s suffering people and a reminder of the global fight for democracy.

About the White House Gift Shop Established in 1946 by President Truman and the U.S. Secret Service, the White House Gift Shop is a storied U.Sinstitution known for creating unique and historical keepsakes that honor American history, government, and the presidency.

December 21, 2022
News: PRESIDENT ZELENSKYY AT THE WHITE HOUSE

President Zelenskyy arrived at The White House today for a historic meeting with President Biden: A Churchill diplomatic Christmas moment. Until today, Zelenskyy has not left his beloved Ukraine for 300 days, since Russia first invaded Ukraine. The United States and Ukrainian presidents vowed unity against tyranny.

April 22, 2022

100% of Profits from the sale of our Ukraine Heroes Commemorative coins and other symbols are donated to American Red Cross Ukraine Relief! - Anthony Giannini, CEO





November 7, 2020

Fox News announces that Joseph R. Biden is 46th President-elect of the United States.



September 2, 2018

SEPT 2, 1944: Future U.S. President George Herbert WalkerBush scores four direct hits on his mission to destroy a radio tower; Hit by anti-aircraft fire, he dive bombs again, heads out to sea, ejects from his plane, and is rescued by the the sailors of the USS Finback.
- A. P. Giannini


G. H. W. Bush, WWII Pilot

September 1, 2018
On September 1, 1807, former United States vice president Aron Burr is aquitted of Treason.
Burr was charged with plotting to annex parts of Mexico's Louisiana and Spanish territory for the purpose of establishing an independent republic. His aquittal found that while Burr had conspired against the United States, nonetheless, his action was not "overt" — a requirement of treason laws. He was acquitted on the grounds that, though he had conspired against the United States — he was not guilty of treason because he had not engaged in an “overt act” — a requirement of the laws governing treason. As you may recall, Aron Burr was previously charged with murder of Alexander Hamilton but as vice president he was immune from prosecution and finished his term in office. Disgraced in America, Burr retreated to Europe. - Anthony P. Giannini

August 3, 2018

THE WHITE HOUSE GIFT SHOP CHARITABLE FOUNDATION IS CREATED!

On August 1, 2018, The White House Gift Shop Foundation was officially recognized as a charitable nonprofit organization.

Our missions include direct support at community levels for homeless families, at risk children on the streets, grants to rural law enforcement agencies, skills training for good people in tough situations, support to veterans, and providing great meals to the very elderly who live alone with minimal social interactions.

The Foundation's programs are grass-roots, community level. We are opening our first non-profit restaurant for unique programs to include Chef's Camp for children at risk, a socially themed "Evening Out" for home alone elders at nutritional as well as isolation risk, and a once each week free meal in our "Honoring Those Who Served" veterans outreach program.

Ornament sales help support assistance to rural law enforcement agencies, wounded LEOs, veterans, homeless families, and children at risk.

- Tony Giannini

2018 White House Ornament

May 31, 2018

April 27, 2018

President Trump News Today

President Trump's Weekly Address is available at
https://www.whitehouse.gov/weeklyaddress/?utm_sour...

Today is September 1, 2017

1939- George Catlett Marshall, Jr. is named Chief of Staff of the United States Army under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Marshall served as Chief of Staff until 1945 and organized the largest expansion of the United States military in history. His success led to his five-star promotion to General of the Army.

Today is August 10, 2017
1921 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, age 39, is stricken with fever and ascending paralysis, later diagnosed as polio. In 1938, as President of the United States, Roosevelt founds the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis which leads to the discovery of a polio vaccine.

Today is July 19, 2017
ON THIS DAY IN UNITED STATES PRESIDENTIAL HISTORY
1993 - President Bill Clinton announces a new military policy of "Don't ask, don't tell."
1984 - The headline of the New York Times reads: GERALDINE FERRARO IS CHOSEN BY MONDALE AS RUNNING MATE, FIRST WOMAN ON MAJOR TICKET
1989 - Vikki Carr sings at the opening of the Nixon Library dedication with Presidents George Bush, Ronald Reagan, and Richard Nixon present.

Today is May 25, 2017

1787 - On May 25, 1787, George Washington presides over The United States Constitutional convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1861 - On May 25, 1861, President Abraham Lincoln suspends the right of habeas corpus for John Merryman who was arrested for actions to prevent Union troop movements from Baltimore to Washington.

1961 - On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy announces to Congress and Americans his goal for an American to land on the moon by the decade’s end. On July 20. 1969, Kennedy’s goal was met when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to set foot upon the moon.

Today is May 13, 2017
On This Day, May 13, In Presidential and White House History

1905 - President Theodore Roosevelt opens the White House Conservation Conference in Washington, D.C.

1915 - President Woodrow Wilson delivers a note to the German Foreign ministry protesting the German sinking of the British liner Lusitania.

1954 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway.

1969 - President Richard M. Nixon calls for a military draft lottery.

1980 - President Jimmy Carter declares Kalamazoo County, Michigan, a disaster area following an F3 tornado.


Today is April 21, 2017
On This Day, April 21, In Presidents and White House History
1943 — President Roosevelt announces the execution of Doolittle pilots by the Japanese.
1865 — President Lincoln's funeral train departs Washington D.C.

Abraham Lincoln's Funeral Train

1789 — John Adams becomes the first Vice President of the United States.


Today is April 14, 2017
On This Day, April 14, In Presidents and White House History
1986 — President Ronald Reagan addresses the Nation about the U.S. air assault on terrorist and military targets in Libya.
1865 — President Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater, Washington, D.C., and dies the next day.

President Abraham Lincoln

Today is April 6, 2017
On This Day, April 6, In Presidents and White House History
1965 — President Lyndon Baines Johnson authorizes ground combat operations in Vietnam.
1973 — President Richard M. Nixon throws the first pitch of the season at a game for the California Angels.
1841 — President John Tyler is sworn-in two days after the death of President William H. Harrison.

Today is March 29, 2017
On This Day, March 29, In Presidents and White House History
2005 - First Lady Laura Bush visits Afghanistan.
1961 - Future President John Tyler is born.

Today is March 23, 2017
On This Day, March 23, In Presidents and White House History
1983 - President Ronald Reagan proposes a new missile interception program: The Strategic Defense Initiative or Star Wars
2010 - President Barack Obama signs the Hea;th Care Reform Bill.


Today is March 19, 2017
On This Day, March 19, In Presidents and White House History
1900 - President William McKinley urges trade with Puerto Rico.
1963 - President John F. Kennedy and a coalition of six Latin American countries pledge to fight Communism.
1979 - C-SPAN begins daily broadcasting coverage of the United States House of Representatives.
2003 - President George W. Bush announces strikes against military targets in Iraq.

Today is March 12, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1933 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivers his first address to the nation in what will become known as his "Fireside Chats." He begins his address: "I want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the United States about banking." On March 12, 1933, Roosevelt, indeed, spoke to a worried nation with nearly 33 percent unemployed, a citizenry panicked to mass bank account withdrawals consequent of bank failures, and a nation demoralized about roiling economic forecasts. Between March 1933 and June 1944, 90 percent of Americans with radios would steadfastly listen to 30 more "fireside chats."


President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat


Today is March 8, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1943 — President Harry S. Truman is featured on the cover of Time Magazine.

Today is March 5, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1933 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt closes all U.S. banks, declares a bank holiday, and freezes all financial transactions to prevent a worsening of the Great Depression.

Presidential Quote for Today
Thomas Jefferson, 3rd United States President, In Office March 4, 1801 — March 4, 1809: On Government


Thomas Jefferson

"The care of human life and happiness, and not their destruction, is the first and only object of good government."

"Sometimes it is said that man cannot be trusted with the government of himself. Can he, then be trusted with the government of others? Or have we found angels in the form of kings to govern him? Let history answer this question."

"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

"No man will ever carry out of the presidency the reputation which carried him into it."

Today is March 3, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1809 - Thomas Jefferson serves his final day as 3rd President of the United States and will be succeded on March 4 by James Madison.
1845 - Florida becomes the 27th U.S. state.
1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is first sworn-in as President in the Red Room of the White House on March 3, 1877 and is sworn-in again, publicly, two days later.
1931 - The Star Spangled Banner becomes the national anthem of the United States.

Presidential Quote for Today
Franklin D. Roosevelt: On National Defense
"When you see a rattlesnake poised to strike, you do not wait until he has struck to crush him." - Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President, In Office March 4, 1933 - April 12, 1945. From Roosevelt's Fireside Chat, September 11, 1941, The Attack of the United States Destroyer Greer by a German Submarine

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Today is February 26, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1919 - President Wilson signs the act to establish the Grand Canyon National Park.
1929 - President Calvin Coolidge signs an executive order establishing the Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming.

* * *

Presidential Quotes for Today: Presidents of the United States on the Presidency
" Associate with men [women] of good quality if you esteem your reputation; for it is better to be alone than in bad company." - George Washington, 1st President, In Office April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1789


"No man will ever bring out of that office the reputation which carries him into it. The honeymoon would be as short in that case as in any other, and its moments of ecstasy would be ransomed by years of torment and hatred." - Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President, In Office March 4, 1801 - March 4, 1809


"I'll be damned if I am not getting tired of this. It seems to be the profession of a president simply to hear other people talk, - William Howard Taft, 27th President, In Office March 4, 1909 - March 4, 1913


"Presidents are selected, not elected." Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President, In Office March 4, 1933 - April 12, 1945


"The most important thing you need to do is to have big chunks of time when all you're doing is thinking." - Barack Obama, 44th President, In Office January 20, 2009 - January 20, 2017


"We must speak our minds openly, debate our disagreements honestly, but always pursue solidarity. When America is united, America is totally unstoppable." - Donald J. Trump, 45th President, Inauguration January 20, 2017



Today is February 22, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History

* * *

Quote for Today: Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States: On God and National Security
"It must be felt that there is no national security but in the nation's humble, acknowledged dependence upon God and His overruling providence." - Franklin Pierce

Today is February 21, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History

1885 — The Washington Monument obelisk is dedicated in commemoration of President George Washington who also served as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and known as the Father of America. Measuring 169.046 m in height, it is the tallest true monumental obelisk in the world.


The Washington Monument


1971 — President Richard M. Nixon normalizes Sino-American relations in his visit to the People's Republic of China.


* * *
Quote for Today: General Douglas McArthur on National Security
"Talk of imminent threat to our national security through the application of external force is pure nonsense. Our threat is from the insidious forces working from within which have already so drastically altered the character of our free institutions - those institutions we proudly call the American way of life." - Douglas McArthur

Today is February 16, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1962 — President John F. Kennedy invites peace marchers into the White House.

* * *

Presidential Quote for Today, February 14, 2017, Ronald Reagan, 40th President: On Effective Communications
"If your explaining, your losing." - Ronald Reagan


President Ronald Reagan


Today is February 14, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History


Presidential Quote for Today: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President: On Total Security
"If you want total security, go to prison. There you're fed, clothed, given medical care and so on. The only thing lacking is — freedom." - Dwight D. Eisenhower


President Dwight D. Eisenhower

Today is February 11, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1943 — General Dwight D. Eisenhower is appointed as Commander of the Allied Armies in Europe..

Presidential Quote for Today, February 111, 2017: John Adams, 2nd President, On Political Parties
"There is nothing which I dread so much as a division of the republic into two great parties, each arranged under its leader, and concerting measures in opposition to each other. This in my humble apprehension is to be dreaded as the greatest political evil under our Constitution." - John Adams

Today is February 7, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1962 — President John F. Kennedy orders a full trade embargo on Cuba.
2002 — President George W. Bush announces his plan to federally fund faith-based initiatives to expand community based social-service programs.

Presidential Quote for Today: Thomas Jefferson on Immigration
"Born in other countries, yet believing you could be happy in this, our laws acknowledge, as they should do, your right to join us in society, conforming, as I doubt not you will do, to our established rules. That these rules shall be as equal as prudential considerations will admit, will certainly be the aim of our legislatures, general and particular." - Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States

Today is February 5, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1917 — Over President Woodrow Wilson's veto, the United States Congress passes the Immigration Act of 1917 restricting the numbers of immigrants to the U.S., imposing a literacy test, barring immigrants form an area defined as the Asia-Pacific Zone, and deeming certain categories of persons as inadmissible.
1971 — Apollo 14 astronauts land on the moon.

Today is February 1, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1865 — President Abraham Lincoln signs the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolishing slavery and forced servitude.
1942 — Voice of America begins broadcasting.
1996 — Congress passes the Communications Decency Act with the goal of protecting children from pornographic content on the Internet.
1999 — President Bill Clinton presents Congress with a budget proposal for 2000 of $1.77 trillion.

Today is January 30, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1835 — Andrew Jackson, 7th president, becomes the first United States President to experience an assassination attempt when Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot President Jackson but fails as he is subdued by Jackson, himself, congressmen, and a group of citizens.
1882 — On January 20, 1882, future 32nd president Franklin D. Roosevelt is born in Hyde Park, New York.

January 29, 2017, Presidential Quotes for Today: Seven United States Presidents On Immigration
"Every decision on trade, on taxes, on immigration, on foreign affairs, will be made to benefit American workers and American families. We must protect our borders ..." - Donald J. Trump, 45th President

Donald J. Trump, 45th President

"A nation that cannot control its borders is not a nation." - Ronald Reagan, 40th President

Ronald Reagan, 40th President

"We are a nation of laws and we are a nation of immigrants, and we can reconcile those two things. So we need comprehensive reform and that means stronger border security ... although we also have to make sure we do it in a way that doesn't lead to people ... being discriminated against." - Barack Obama, 44th President

Barack Obama, 44th President

"Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists." - Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President

Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President

"Every immigrant who comes here should be required within five years to learn English or leave the country." - Theodore Roosevelt. 22nd President

Theodore Roosevelt, 22nd President

"Immigration policy should be generous; it should be fair; it should be flexible. With such a policy we can turn to the world, and to our own past, with clean hands and a clear conscience." - John F. Kennedy, 35th President

John F. Kennedy, 35th President

"Just as the Nation's interests call for a larger degree of flexibility in the laws for regulating the flow of other peoples to our shores, there is at the same time a significant need to strengthen the laws established for the wholesome purpose of ridding our country of the relatively few aliens who have demonstrated their unfitness to remain in our midst. Some of these persons have been found to be criminals of the lowest character, trafficking in murder, narcotics, and subversion. Constitutional due process wisely confers upon any alien, whatever the charge, the right to challenge in the courts the Government's finding of deportability. However, no alien who has once had his day in court ... should be permitted to block his removal and cause unnecessary expense to the Government by further judicial appeals the only purpose of which is delay." - Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President

Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President



* * * *

Presidential Quote for Today, January 26, 2017
On the Rule of Law: "The clearest way to show what the rule of law means to us in everyday life is to recall what has happened when there is no rule of law." - Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President of the United States


Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President

Today is January 24 2017
Presidential Quote for Today: On Taxes
"Lower rates of taxation will stimulate economic activity and so raise the levels of personal and corporate income as to yield within a few years an increased - not a reduced - flow of revenues to the federal government. - President John F. Kennedy, January 7, 1963, Annual Budget Message to Congress


John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States

On This Day, January 24, in Presidential and White House History
2003 — Created as a cabinet department in response to the terror attacks on September 11, 2001 — on January 24, 2003, the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) began formal operations. DHS is now led by General John F. Kelley, former Chief of the U.S. Southern Command.
1943 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill conclude the Casablanca Conference, codename SYMBOL, with the resolute doctrine of "unconditional surrender" by the Axis powers.

January 23, 2017
Presidential Quote for Today
"Entrepreneurs and their small enterprises are responsible for almost all the economic growth in the United States." - Ronald Reagan, 40th President of the United States


Official Photo President Ronald Reagan

Today is January 23, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1964 -Amendment XXIV of the United States Constitution is ratified and prohibits any form of taxation on the right to vote.
1973 - President Richard M. Nixon announces a Vietnam peace accord.

Presidential Quotes for Today, January 22, 2017
Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States, speaks to the perennial dynamics between a president and media, the transformative power of the presidency on a president, and offers advice to the nation to look to the future as much as the past — that past is not necessarily prologue.

If one morning I walked on top of the water across the Potomac River, the headline that afternoon would read: "President Can't Swim."

Yesterday is not ours to recover, but tomorrow is ours to win or lose.

The Presidency has made every man who occupied it, no matter how small, bigger than he was; and no matter how big, not big enough for its demands.

- Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States


Lyndon B. Johnson
36th President of the United States

Today is January 22, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1917 — On January 22, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson addresses the U.S. Senate and urges an end to the European conflict through settlement by "peace without victory." Two months later, the United States will declare war against Germany.
1946 — On January 22, 1946, the Central Intelligence Group, predecessor to CIA, is created. On July 26, 1947, President Harry S. Truman signs into law the National Security Act which creates the Central Intelligence Agency.
1950 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt's former adviser, Alger Hiss, is convicted of perjury for denial of his contacts with Soviet spies and is sentenced to five years in prison.
1973 — Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States, dies of a heart attack at age 64. While his vision of a Great Society was overwhelmed by the war in Vietnam, Johnson's legacy includes significant gains in civil rights, education, Social Security, and education.

Today is January 20, 2017
2017 — 58th Presidential Inauguration Day, Donald J. Trump, President, Michael R. Pence, Vice President

Today is January 19, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and White House History
1961 — The President of the United States receives a salary increase from $75,000 to $100,00 with an additional expense allowance of $50,000.
1949 — The salary of the President of the United States was increased from $75,000 to $100,000 with an additional $50,000 expense allowance for each year in office and now receive $400,000.00 with an extra $50,000 personal allowance.

Today is January 17, 2017

On This Day in U.S. Presidents and White House House
1961 — President Dwight D. Eisenhower in his farewell address to the nation, warns against massive deficit spending and the concentration of power in the military-industrial complex.
1991 — Under the administration of President George H. W. Bush, Operation Desert Storm begins with a coalition of 34 nations in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

Today is January 15, 2017 On This Day in U.S. Presidents and White House House
1777 — Vermont (then New Connecticut) declares independence in the American Revolution War. The name Vermont originates from the French name to describe Vermont's Green Mountains (Verd Mont) on a 1647 map by French explorer Samuel de Champlain
1942 — In Praise of the Importance Baseball to America's Morale: On January 15, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt writes to the Commissioner of Major League Baseball to suggest that baseball games continue during World War II as a way to sustain national morale.

President Roosevelt in a Letter of January 15, 1942, Suggests Baseball Games Continue During World War II

1953 — On January 15, 1953, President Harry S. Truman becomes the first president to deliver a farewell address by television and radio and establishes the tradition of the presidential farewell address to the Nation.
1973 — Citing progress in peace negotiations, President Richard M. Nixon on January 15, 1973, suspends U.S. military offensive actions in North Vietnam

Today is January 12, 2017

OnThis Day in U.S. Presidents History
1915 — The U.S. House of Congress votes against a proposition requiring all states to give women the right to vote.
1966 — President Lyndon Johnson in his State of the Union Address advises regarding Vietnam:
"We could leave, abandoning South Vietnam to its attackers and to certain conquest, or we could stay and fight beside the people of South Vietnam. We stayed. And we will stay until aggression has stopped. We will stay because a just nation cannot leave to the cruelties of its enemies a people who have staked their lives and independence on America's solemn pledge—a pledge which has grown through the commitments of three American Presidents."

1991 — Congress authorizes President George H. W. Bush authority to use military action to combat Iraqi forces occupying Kuwait.

Today is January 9, 2017
On This Day in U.S. Presidents and History
1349 — In a prelude of future atrocities against the Jews, on January 9, 1349, in Basel, Switzerland, the people and guilds of Basel accused the Jews of causing the Black Death, seized over 600 Jewish people of Basel, shackled them in a wooden barn, and incinerated them. Thereafter, the leaders of Basel banned all Jewish people from residing or settling in the city of Basel for 200 years.
1788 — Connecticut becomes the fifth U.S. state.
1913 — Future president Richard M. Nixon is born.


Today is January 8, 2017
On This Day in Presidents History
1790 — George Washington delivers the first State of the Union address.
1815 — General Andrew Jackson and his troops win the Battle of New Orleans.
1853 — The statue of Andrew Jackson is unveiled in Lafayette Park, Washington D.C.
1900 — President William McKinley orders Alaska under military rule.
1918 — At the end of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson announces his Fourteen Points peace plan.
1964 — President Lyndon B. Johnson declares a War on Poverty."

Today is January 6, 2017

On This Day in Presidents and U.S. History
1853 — On January 6, 1853, President-elect Franklin Pierce, his wife, Jane Means Appleton Pierce, and his son, Benjamin "Bernie" Pierce, board a train for a short trip from Andover, Massachusetts to Concord, New Hampshire. En route, the axle of the rail car in which he and his family ride — breaks, the train derails, overturns, and slams into an embankment. Early telegraph messages report the President-elect dead, but while unharmed, Franklin Pierce and his wife, Jane, emotionally, will never be the same. Inside the train, Franklin senses the rail car about to crash; He grasps his wife and son, but the violent car overturning rips young Bernie from his father's protective arms. Bernie, torn into space by the car's overturning force, smashes against the fracturing side wall, falls between the jagged space of this gaping metal crevice, and horrifically dies as Franklin and Jane, eyes wide open, see Bernie's decapitated head crushed, his skull broken, and his brain splattering out. In that singular moment, the Pierces' paths darkly divert: Jane will refuse the role of First Lady, will scarcely leave her room at the White House, and will begin to compose lamentful letters to the spirit of her dead beloved son, while Franklin Pierce will soon descend to alcoholism. Upon leaving office in 1857, Franklin will say, "There's nothing left to do but get drunk." On October 8, 1869, former president Franklin Pierce dies of liver failure.

Jane Pierce and Her Son Bernie


Franklin Pierce, 14th U.S. President

Today is January 5, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and U.S. History
1781 — British forces commanded by Benedict Arnold burn Richmond, Virginia
1846 — The U.S. House of Representatives votes in favor of disallowing access by theUnited Kingdom to the Oregon Territory.
1933 — Calvin Coolidge, 13th president, dies.
1949 — President Harry S. Truman announces his program called the Fair Deal.
1957 — President Dwight D. Eisenhower addresses Congress about his core set of principles that will later be called the Eisenhower Doctrine.
1971 — President Richard M. Nixon approves the development of a sophisticated space shuttle.

Today is January 3, 2017
On This Day in Presidents and U.S. History
1749 — On January 3, 1749, Benning Wentworth issues the first of his New Hampshire Grants of land to establish democratically and self-sustaining governed towns which ultimately lead to the establishment of the state of Vermont.
1777 — American Revolutionary War: In the pivotal Battle of Princeton, General George Washington defeats British General Lord Cornwallis.


General George Washington Rallies Troops at Princeton, New Jersey

1946 — The United States Congress televises its proceedings for the first time.

1953 — Frances P. Bolton and Oliver Bolton, mother and son, respectively, become the first mother and son to simultaneously serve in the United States Congress.
1959 — Alaska becomes a U.S. state.
1961 — The United States ends diplomatic relations with Cuba consequent of Fidel Castro nationalizing all American assets.
1990 — Panamanian leader, Manuel Noriega, surrenders to U.S. forces. In his trial in April 1992, Noriega is convicted of racketeering, money laundering, and drug trafficking. He is sentenced to 40 years in prison. Ironically, Noriega was once a highly valued Central Intelligence Agency asset as well as a known drug trafficker during his period of paid services by the CIA.
2013 — President Barack Obama meets with leaders of Congress about the escalating situation in Syria, informing Congress that "Syria has used, in an indiscriminate fashion, chemical weapons that killed thousands of people, including over 400 children ... That poses a serious national security threat to the United States and to the region, and as a consequences, Assad and Syria needs to be held accountable ... I've made a decision that America should take action."

President Barack Obama meets in the White House Cabinet Room with Members of Congress to discuss Syria.

Today is January 1, 2017
On This Day in Presidential and U.S. History
1863 — On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation declaring all slaves are free.


Emancipation Proclamation, President Lincoln, January 1, 1863

1942 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill issue the United Nations declaration to create a global organization for peace.

Today is December 29, 2016
On This Day in Presidential and U.S. History
1813 — On December 30, 1813, British soldiers burn Buffalo, New York. The War of 1812 (June 1812 - February 1815) was declared by the U.S. in response to the impressment into British military service of over 10,000 American merchant sailors.
1852 — Rutherford B. Hayes, future President, weds Lucy Webb.

Today is December 29, 2016
On This Day in Presidential and U.S. History
1778 — On December 29, 1778, three thousand British soldiers capture the city of Savannah, Georgia. Established 1733, Savannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia and a strategic port.
1845 — Texas becomes the 28th U.S. state following the signing of the "Joint Resolution" by President James Polk.
1848 — Fiat Lux: President James Polk lit the first gas light of 80 outside the White House on December 29, 1848. Within the White House, Mrs. Polk had insisted that the Blue Room chandelier remain candle-lit. On the first night of the new as lighting, the supply of gas depleted, the White House rooms went dark, and only Mrs. Polk's candle-lit Blue Room had light. In 1891, President Benjamin Harrison had the gas lights replaced by electric.

2011 — President Barack Obama continues the tradition started by former President Franklin D. Roosevelt as he visits the USS Arizona Memorial, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama lay a wreath within the memorial.

Today is December 28, 2016
On This Day in Presidents and U.S. History
1832 — On December 28, 1832, John Calhoun, citing policy disagreements with President Andrew Jackson, becomes the first United States Vice President to resign this office.
1846 — Iowa becomes the 29th U.S. state on December 28, 1846.
2009 — On December 28, 2009, President Obama reassures Americans that the U.S. will identify and track down "all who were involved" in the plot to detonate an explosive device aboard a Northwest Airlines flight as is it approached Detroit.

Today is December 27, 2016
On This Day in Presidential and U.S. History
1944 — On December 27, 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the seizure control of goods belonging to Montgomery Ward company consequent of its failure to comply with three collective labor agreement bargaining agreements negotiated by the National War Labor Board created in 1942.

Today is Christmas, December 25, 2016

Christmas at the White House

Today is December 24, 2016
On This Day in Presidential and U.S. History
1814 - The United States and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Ghent which ends the War of 1812.
1851- The Library of Congress burns and destroys approximately two-thirds of its books.
1914 - During World War I "The Christmas Truce" begins.
1943 - President Roosevelt appoints General Dwight D. Eisenhower as Supreme Commander of Allied Forces.
1973 - The District of Columbia Home Rule Act passes and Washington D.C. residents are allowed to elect their local government.

Today is December 22, 2016
On This Day in Presidential and U.S. History

1775 — The Continental Congress creates the Continental Navy on December 22, 1775 and names Esek Hopkins as fleet commander in chief.
1807 — Congress passes The Embargo Act which forbids trade with all foreign countries. Urged by President Thomas Jefferson, the trade embargo was a direct response to the seizure of American merchantmen and cargo by France and Great Britain in their battle for control of Europe as Great Britain, mainly, captured U.S. seamen and impressed, forced, them into service on British warships. Both Great Britain and France rationalized seizures of American merchantman, vessels, and cargo as necessary to their survival and a consequence of war between these two countries. Nonetheless, the Embargo Act was a financial disaster for the United States as all overseas trade effectively ceased. Southern farmers could not sell their crops, shipping industries in the U.S. fell flat, and smuggling of foreign good accelerated. The textile industry and manufacturing in New England, however, thrived, as labor and capital shifted to the region, but overall the Embargo Act shattered the economy of the United States.
1968 — Julie Nixon, daughter of President Richard M. Nixon, weds David Eisenhower, grandson of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
2010 — On September 22, 2010, President Barack Obama repeals the 17 year-old Don't ask, don't tell policy banning gays from openly serving in the U.S. military.

Today is December 20, 2016

On This Day in Presidential and U.S. History
1792 — President George Washington creates the United States Postal Service by signing the U.S. Postal Service Act on December 20, 1792
1606 — The Virginia Company sets sail three ships with settlers and cargo to create the first permanent English settlement in America at Jamestown, Virginia.
1991 — JFK, a film directed by Oliver Stone, opens in the U.S. on December 20, 1991.
1995 — Nixon, a film directed by Oliver Stone, opens in the U.S. on December 20, 1995.

Today is December 19, 2016
1974 - On December 19, 2016, Nelson Rockefeller by provisions of the 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution becomes Vice President in the administration of President Gerald Ford.
1776 - The Continental Army under the Command of General George Washington winters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.

Today is December 17, 2016
On this Day in Presidential History
2014 — President Barack Obama re- establishes diplomatic relations with Cuba.
2004 — President George W. Bush signs the most significant U.S. Intelligence reorganization in 50 years.
2002 — President George W. Bush announces plans to create a new system of anti-ballistic missile protection for American troops and allies.
1997 — President Bill Clinton signs the No Electronic Theft Act.
1969 — The United States and the Soviet Union begin SALT I talks to freeze the number of existing strategic ballistic missiles.
1777 France formally recognizes the United States in the American Revolutionary War.

Today is December 15, 2016
On this Day in Presidential History
1791 — The Virginia General Assembly ratifies the United States Bill of Rights which was created on September 25, 1789 and authored by James Madison. The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution of which Madison authored and introduced the first nine in the House of Representatives on June 8, 1798.
1938 —President Franklin D. Roosevelt addresses participants in the ground-breaking ceremony for the Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C.
1941 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt approves the Bill of Rights Day.
1978 — President Jimmy Carter grants diplomatic recognition to Communist China and breaks official relations with Taiwan.
1980 — The Electoral College official elects Ronald Reagan as President of the United States.

Today is December 14, 2016

On this Day in America's History
1799 — On this day in presidential history, George Washington, first President of the United States, dies at the age of 67 in Mount Vernon, Virginia. Of his presidency, Washington said, "I walk on untrodden ground. There is scarcely any part of my conduct which may not hereafter be drawn in precedent."
1999 — President Jimmy Carter exchanges documents transferring control of the Panama Canal to the Republic of Panama.
1882 — Alabama becomes the 22nd state.
1902 — Innovation: The first Pacific telegraph cable is laid from San Francisco to Hawaii.
1903 — Invention: The Wright Brothers attempt to fly the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
1964 — In Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, the Supreme Court rules in favor of congressional use of the the Constitution's Commerce Clause to help stop racial discrimination.
1990 — President George H. W. Bush announces he will nominate Lynn Martin to succeed Elizabeth H. Dole as labor secretary.
1991 — President George H. W. Bush renews the North American Free Trade Agreement with Mexico.
1992 — President-elect Bill Clinton holds a two-day conference in Little Rock, Arkansas to discuss the nation's economic problems.
2000 — President Bill Clinton speaks in England and urges wealthy countries to end to farm subsidies and reallocate money to fighting disease in impoverished countries as well as cutting emissions to thwart global warming.
2003 — President George W. Bush announces the capture of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.
2008 — President George W. Bush dodges two shoes thrown at him by an Iraqi journalist.

Today is December 12, 2016

1745 — John Jay who will become the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is born on December 12, 1745.

1753 — George Washington, two days prior to his death, pens his final letter to Alexander Hamilton urging Hamilton to pursue the creation of a United States military academy.

1787 — Pennsylvania on December 12, 1787, becomes the second state to ratify the United States Constitution.

1791 — The Bank of the United States opens in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1800 — Washington D.C. is established as the capital of the United States.

1870 — Joseph H. Rainey is the the first African American sworn into the United States House of Representatives.

1975 — Sara Jane Moore pleads guilty to attempting to assassinate President Gerald Ford in San Francisco, California.

1979 — President Jimmy Carter orders the removal of Iranian diplomats in the US. as a response to the taking of American hostages in Tehran.

1990 — President George H. W. Bush announces a planned summit in Washington D.C. with Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev.

1995 — The United States Senate by a mere three votes halts an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would give Congress authority to make illegal the burning or desecrations of the American flag.

1995 — William Brown becomes the first African American Mayor of San Francisco on December 12, 1995.

2000 — On December 12, 2000, the U.S. Supreme Court issues its decision in Bush v. Gore which ends legal challenges to results of the presidential election.

2001 — President George W. Bush signs the Afghan Women and Children Relief Act of 2001.

2003 — President George W. Bush imposes economic sanctions against Syria for its failure to substantially fight terrorism.

2014 — The U.S. House of Representatives approves an eleventh-hour $1.1 trillion budget to prevent a government shutdown.

2015 — President Barack Obama speaks about the the climate change agreement reached during the United Nations Climate Change Conference to globally limit greenhouse gas emissions.

Today is December 11, 2016
1980 — President Jimmy Carter signs into law a $1.6 billion environmental superfund to pay for cleanup of chemical spills and toxic waste dumps.
2001 — President George W. Bush announces that the U.S. will withdraw from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treat with Russia.

Today is December 10, 2016, 344th Day of the Year with 21 Days Remaining to Year's End: Have a Safe and Happy Holiday Season & a Merry Christmas in 15 Days!
1817 — Mississippi becomes the the 20th state of the United States.
1869 — Educational Societies: When Christian and Jewish students are denied membership at their college's fraternities, they found their own fraternity, Delta Sigma Phi at City College, New York, with the goal of friendship without regard to race or creed.
1884 — Moments in American Literature: Mark Twain published Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the first major work in America written in vernacular or informal language, named one of the Great American Novels, but in the 20th century was criticized for its racial stereotypes and racial slurs although the main character, "Huck" Finn is at his youthful core - non-racist in the severely racist milieu of his time - set in an American zeitgeist 20 years prior to the novels publication on December 10, 1884.
1906 — President Theodore Roosevelt in recognition of his mediation of the Russo-Japanese War is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
2002 — President Jimmy Carter for his mission to bring peace in the world is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize

Today is December 9, 2016
1793 — The American Minerva, New York's first daily newspaper, is published by Noah Webster the American textbook innovator, lexicographer, English-language reformer, political writer, prodigious author often called "Father of American Scholarship and Education," and whose name is perennially remembered in the title of the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
1975 — President Gerald R. Ford signs a $2.25 billion authorization to prevent New York City to prevent loan defaults.
2000 — The United States Supreme Court orders a temporary cessation of the Florida presidential vote count.
2009 — President Barack Obama receives the Nobel Peace Prize

Today is December 8, 2016
1776 — George Washington army is forced to retreat across the Delaware River from New Jersey into Pennsylvania.
1863 — President Abraham Lincoln on December 8, 1863 announces his Reconstruction plan.
1872 — P. B. S. Pinchback becomes the first African-American governor in the United States.
1987 — President Ronald Reagan and Michail S. Gorbachev, Soviet leader, sign a treaty to destroy their respective nation's arsenal of intermediate nuclear weapons.
1993 — President Bill Clinton signs NAFTA, North American Free Trade Agreement.
1953 — President Dwight D. Eisenhower addresses the Nation with his Atoms for Peace speech.
1941 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt makes his now famous declaration that December 7 will be "a date which will live in infamy" as the U.S. declares war on Japan.
1927 — The Brookings Institution is founded through the merger of three organizations created by philanthropist Robert S. Brookings.

Today is December 7, 2016

1796 — John Adams wins election for the 2nd President of the United States.
1836 — Martin Van Buren wins election as the 8th President of the United States.
1941 — The United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, is attacked by the Japanese Navy
1987 — President Ronald Reagan meets with Mikhail Gorbachev for a summit in Washington D.C.

Today is December 5, 2016

1492 — Christopher Columbus is the first European to reach the island of Hispaniola.
1775 — Henry Knox begins to transport artillery to Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1831 — John Quincy Adams is seated in the House of Representatives.
1847 — Jefferson Davis wins election to the United States Senate.
1848 — President James K. Polk reports to the U.S. Congress that significant gold deposits have been discovered in California: The Gold Rush begins.
1933 — The 21st Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified which repeals the 18th Amendment of January 16, 1919, prohibiting the manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcoholic beverage.
1955 — Rosa Parks and E. D. Nixon lead the event known as the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1964 — Captain Roger Donlon is the first recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor in the Vietnam war.

Today is December 3, 2016
1776 — George Washington arrives at the banks of the Delaware.
1818 — On December 3, 2016, Illinois becomes the 21st state.
1828 — Andrew Jackson is elected President of the United States. 1901 — President Theodore Roosevelt in his State of the Union address asks the Congress to curb the power of trusts. 1989 — President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet at Malta and issue statements suggesting the Cold War may reach and end.

Today is December 2, 2016
1962 — U.S. Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield at the request of President John F. Kennedy travels to Vietnam and upon his return becomes the first high-ranking U.S. official to adversely comment on the war.
1954 — Joseph McCarthy is censured by the U.S. Senate in a 65 to 22 vote for bringing "dishonor and disrepute" into the United States Senate. McCarthy was the principle actor behind the "Red Scare" campaign in which McCarthy and his loyalists unsuccessfully for a half-decade attempted to expose alleged communist agents, spies, traitors, and left-wing loyalists in the U.S. government and society. In 1954, McCarthy targeted the United States Army — an action that culminated in his censure by the U.S. Senate.
1930 — President Herbert Hoover in his State of the Union Address on December 2, 1930, proposes a public works program to stimulate the economy and create new jobs.
1823 — On December 2, 1823, President James Monroe in his 7th annual message to Congress expresses what was named in 1850 the "Monroe Doctrine." The Monroe Doctrine as policy opposed European colonialism in North and South America — that intervention in the Americas by external countries will be perceived by the U.S. as a potential act of hostility and also stated that the policy of the United States is not to meddle in the concerns of other countries.

President James Monroe

Today is December 1, 2016
1862 — On December 1, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln addresses the United States Congress. Speaking of the war, of slavery, and of the trials faced by the Union, Lincoln closes his address with words of storms, fire, honor or dishonor, and in the freeing of slaves as the right of freedom to all — he defines America as "The last, best hope of earth."
* * *
The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present ... The fiery trial through which we will pass will light us down, in honor or dishonor, to the latest generation. We say we are the Union. The world will not forget that we say this. We know how to save the Union. In giving freedom to the slave, we ensure freedom to the free-honorable alike in what we give, and what we preserve. We shall nobly save, or meanly lose, the last, best hope of earth. — Closing of Address to Congress, Lincoln

Today is November 30, 2016
2005 — President George W. Bush releases "Our National Strategy for Victory in Iraq" and addresses Americans.
1995 — President Bill Clinton becomes the first United States President to visit Northern Ireland.
1993 — President Bill Clinton signs the Brady Bill which requires a five-day waiting period for background checks of gun buyers.
1967 — Julie Nixon and David Eisenhower announce their engagement.
1967 — Robert S. McNamara announces his resignation as Secretary of Defense.
1963 — President Lyndon B. Johnson establishes the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of the assassination of his predecessor, President John F. Kennedy, assassinated on November 22, 1963, in downtown Dallas, Texas.
1952 — Dwight D. Eisenhower travels to Korea to explore ways to end the Korean War.
1947 — The United Nations votes to partition Palestine.
1929 — American Explorers: Admiral Richard E. Byrd becomes the first person along with three expedition members to fly over the South Pole.
1775 — Strategy: The Second Continental Congress creates the Committee of Secret Correspondence the purpose of which is to inform European nations of events in American colonies under British control and thus gain support and material aid for the War.
1877 — American Creativity: Thomas Edison introduces his phonograph, an invention of his created while working on two other inventions — the telegraph and telephone.

Edison Introduces Phonograph in 1877

1776 — Jonathan Eddy and his militia extend the American Revolutionary War to Nova Scotia in what is known as the Eddy Rebellion but are thwarted with the arrival of reinforcements by Britain.
1777 — Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, now known as San Jose, California, is founded by José Joaquin Moraga.
1733 — Incomprehensible Barbarism: 133 Africans are thrown into the sea by the slave ship Zong's crew to claim an insurance loss.

Today is November 28, 2016
1963 — President Lyndon B. Johnson renames Cape Canaveral as Cape Kennedy.
1964 — President Lyndon B. Johnson is advised to escalate the bombing of Vietnam by his top advisors, Robert McNamara, Dean Rusk, Maxwell Taylor, and several National Security Council members.
1964 — America's Space Pioneer Spirit: On November 28, 1964, the U.S. launches Mariner 4 and sends it to probe the planet Mars.
1995 — President Bill Clinton ends the 55 miles per hour speed limit and signs a $6 billion road bill.
1943 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt meets in Tehran with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Union's Joseph Stalin to develop a World War II strategy.
1895 — American Automotive History: Frank Duryea wins America's first automobile race on a 54 mile course lasting 10 hours from Jackson Park to Evanston, Illinois.
1843 — The Kingdom of Hawaii becomes an independent nation on November 28, 1843 when Great Britain and France officially recognize its sovereignty.

Today is November 26, 2016
1941 — On November 26, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt designates the fourth Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day in America. Originally a post-harvest "Lecture Day" for the settlers of the colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts — It was in 1777 when the Continental Congress with the victory at Saratoga created the very first national day of Thanksgiving. President George Washington in 1789, was the first president to create an actual Thanksgiving holiday on each November 26 in commemoration of the Constitution of the United States. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln adjusted the day of Thanksgiving celebration to the last Thursday of each November.
Complete Thanksgiving Day Proclamation by by President Abraham Lincoln

A Proclamation.

It has pleased Almighty God to prolong our national life another year, defending us with his guardian care against unfriendly designs from abroad, and vouchsafing to us in His mercy many and signal victories over the enemy, who is of our own household. It has also pleased our Heavenly Father to favor as well our citizens in their homes as our soldiers in their camps and our sailors on the rivers and seas with unusual health. He has largely augmented our free population by emancipation and by immigration, while he has opened to us new sources of wealth, and has crowned the labor of our working men in every department of industry with abundant rewards. Moreover, He has been pleased to animate and inspire our minds and hearts with fortitude, courage and resolution sufficient for the great trial of civil war into which we have been brought by our adherence as a nation to the cause of Freedom and Humanity, and to afford to us reasonable hopes of an ultimate and happy deliverance from all our dangers and afflictions.

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do, hereby, appoint and set apart the last Thursday in November next as a day, which I desire to be observed by all my fellow—citizens wherever they may then be as a day of Thanksgiving and Praise to Almighty God the beneficent Creator and Ruler of the Universe. And I do farther recommend to my fellow—citizens aforesaid that on that occasion they do reverently humble themselves in the dust and from thence offer up penitent and fervent prayers and supplications to the Great Disposer of events for a return of the inestimable blessings of Peace, Union and Harmony throughout the land, which it has pleased him to assign as a dwelling place for ourselves and for our posterity throughout all generations.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

[L.S.]

Done at the city of Washington this twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty four, and, of the Independence of the United States the eighty—ninth.

By the President: ABRAHAM LINCOLN

Today is November 25, 2016

2013 — President Barack Obama speaks about immigration reform in San Francisco and gives credit to former President George W. Bush who strongly supported immigration reform.
2002 — President George W. Bush names Tom Ridge as head of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
1957 — President Dwight D. Eisenhower suffers a stroke.
1874 — The Greenback Party was established largely by American farmers consequent of the Panic of 1873 that triggered a depression in North America and Europe from 1873 to 1880. The Greenback Party the name of which relates to its support of a non-gold backed monetary policy (greenbacks) became known as the Independent Party, National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party.

The Economic Panic of 1873

Today is November 23, 2016
1981 - President Ronald Reagan in NSDD-17 gives the Central Intelligence Agency authority to support Nicaraguan Contra rebels.
1954 - U.S. Economy: Today, November 23, 2016, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is at an all time high of 19,000, but on November 23, 1954, the Dow Jones after 25 years of malaise finally recovers to its pre-1929 Wall Street crash high of 381.17. The DJIA is a price-weighted average of the stock of 30 significant companies traded on the New York Stock Exchange - the price-weighted average of which is used as a key indicator of the U.S. economy and more specifically of stock market performance. The first DJIA calculation occurred on May 26, 1896 by Charles Dow using a simple average method with an arithmetic result of 40.94.
1963 - Lyndon B. Johnson becomes President of the United States following the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963.
1863 - The Battle of Chattanooga begins and is fought for three days and creates a strategic opening for General William T. Sherman's "march to the sea."
1804 - Franklin Pierce is born on November 23, 1804 in Hillsborough, New Hampshire. He will grow to become the 14th President of the United States, facilitating territorial acquisitions that will become the states of Arizona and New Mexico.

Today is November 22, 2016
1963 — President John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States, is assassinated on November 22, 1963, during a 10-mile motorcade parade in downtown Dallas, Texas and a grieved nation mourns.
1943 — World War II: At the Cairo Conference, President Franklin D. Roosevelt meets with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Chinese Premier Chiang Kai-shek to formulate a plan to defeat Japan.

Today is November 21, 2016
1969 — President Richard M. Nixon and Japanese Premier Eisaku Sato meet in Washington D.C. Nixon agrees to the restoration of control of Okinawa to Japan starting in 1972.
1963 — On November 21, 1963, President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline B. Kennedy begin their two day visit of Texas. On November 22, 1963, President Kennedy is assassinated in downtown Dallas and the Nation mourns.
1962 — President Kennedy ends the quarantine of Cuba when the Soviet Union removes its nuclear missiles from Cuba.

Today is November 20, 2016
2001 - President George W. Bush honors Robert F. Kennedy by dedicating the U.S. Department of Justice headquarters buildings as the Robert F. Kennedy Justice Building.
1962 - On November 20, 1962, President John F. Kennedy ends the quarantine of Cuba and the Soviet Union agrees to move its missiles from Cuba.
1789 - New Jersey is the first state to ratify the Bill of Rights..

Today is November 19. 2016
2001 — President George W. Bush signs a comprehensive aviation security bill just two months after the terrorists used passenger jets to attack the World Trade Center.
1985 — President Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Geneva for their first summit.
1931 — James Garfield is born in a log cabin on November 19, 1831 and will become the 20th President of the United States from March 4, 1881 to September 19, 1881. Garfield was shot by an assassin on July 2, 1881 in Washington D.C. He died eleven weeks later in Elberon, New Jersey after only 200 days in office.

Today is November 18, 2016
2004 — The William J. Clinton Presidential Center opens on November 18, 2004 with former U.S. presidents George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Jimmy Carter attending.
1993 — The U.S. House of Representatives approves the North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA, now a contentious trade deal debate in the United States relative to loss of American jobs and manufacturing plants.
1987 — Congress issues the Iran-Contra Affair Report.
1988 — President Ronald Reagan signs legislation permitting the death penalty for murders committed by drug traffickers.
1961 — President John F. Kennedy approves 18,000 military advisers for duty in South Vietnam.
1901 — Britain withdraws its objections to the United States having absolute rights of control over the Panama Canal Zone.
1886 — Chester Alan Arthur, twenty-first president, dies on November 18, 1886, of a fatal kidney disease known as Bright's Disease.
1493 — Christopher Columbus sights and claims in 1493 the island of Puerto Rico for the Kingdom of Spain. In 1898, the United States annexed Puerto Rico in the Treaty of Paris following the Spanish-American War. Today, Puerto Rico is in financial collapse with over $70 billion in debt. Unlike cities like Detroit which restructured under Chapter 9 bankruptcy provisions created as a result of the Great Depression to help American cities restructure consequent of severe debt, the island of Puerto Rico was stripped of Chapter 9 bankruptcy rights by Congress in 1984. President Obama stresses that the deprivation of Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection for Puerto Rico was unfair and Congress should restore the ability of Puerto Rico to effectively restructure its debt. What is clear is that Puerto Rico and its natural American citizens need assistance regardless of historic causes of its debt.

Today is November 17, 2016
2004 — President Bill Clinton opens the William J. Clinton Presidential Center, Little Rock, Arkansas. The dedication ceremony on November 18, 2004 was attended by over 30,000 people including former United States presidents George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Jimmy Carter.

Former Presidents George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Jimmy Carter at Clinton Library

1962 — President John F. Kennedy dedicates Washington's Dulles National Airport

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1751 — George Washington battles smallpox and survives to become the first President of the United States. During his lifetime, Washington was called the "father of his country."

Today is Tuesday, November 15, 2016
1977 — President Jimmy Carter hosts the shah of Iran and his wife during their two day visit to discuss ways to improve relations. Two years later, the shah was overthrown and Iranian fundamentalists took American hostages in Tehran.
1957 — Nikita Khrushchev, Soviet leader, on November 15, 1957, rambles in an interview with an American reporter and challenges the United States to a
"... peaceful rocket contest just like a shooting match." The missile imbalance between Soviets and the United States became a debate theme in the 1960 presidential campaigns between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy.
1777— The thirteen original states comprising the Continental Congress approve the Articles of Confederation which serves as the first Constitution of the United States of America. The thirteen original states in order of ratification are: Virginia, South Carolina, New York, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Georgia, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland.

Today is Monday, November 14, 2016
2008 — On November 14, 2008, the G20 (Group of Twenty) holds its first ever economic summit in Washington D.C. The G20 is a group of 20 of the largest economies and was founded in 1999 to study and promote international financial stability.
1995 — The federal government temporarily closes most government offices, national parks, and museums in a U.S. Congress budget standoff.
1979 — Responding to the taking of 63 American hostages by the government of Iran, President Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170 which freezes all Iranian assets in the United States.
1951 — President Harry Truman seeks and receives congressional support to provide U.S. economic and military aid to Yugoslavia, a communist country. Truman's goal was to weaken Yugoslavia's ties to the Soviet Union.
1935 — The leaders of the Philippine Islands ratify a new constitution and U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt proclaims the Philippines a free commonwealth with complete independence by July, 4, 1946.
1881 — The assassin of President Garfield begins his trial and is ultimately convicted and hanged.
1862 — President Lincoln approves the plan by General Ambrose Burnside to capture Richmond, Virginia which leads to the Battle of Fredericksburg.
1851 — American Literature: Herman Melville's Moby Dick, or The Whale, is published on November 14, 1851 during a period known as the American Renaissance.

Today is November 12, 2016
2010 — President Obama arrives in Japan on his ten-day tour of Asia.
1999 — President Bill Clinton signs the Financial Services Management Act.
1979 — Sixty-three hostages are taken hostage on November 4 at the U.S. Embassy, Tehran. On November 12, 1999, President Jimmy Carter orders cessation of oil imports from Iran.

Today is November 10, 2016
2004 — Nancy Reagan presents the President Ronald Reagan postage stamp.
1993 — The U.S. House of Representatives passed the Brady Bill which was created following the assassination attempt of President Ronald Reagan.
1775 — John Adams sponsors a resolution to establish the Continental Marines. On the 10th day of November, each year, the Marine Corps celebrates its birthday with a ball, ceremony, and cake.

Today is November 9, 2016
2016 — On November 8, 2016, Donald J. Trump becomes the 45th President-Elect of the United States.
2002 — President George W. Bush increased by 35% the number of National Guard troops at airports to protect against terrorism during the holidays.
1906 — President Theodore Roosevelt travels to Panama to inspect progress made for the Panama Canal and becomes the first U.S. president to embark on foreign travel.

Today is November 8, Presidential Election Day

Today is November 7, 201

2000 — On November 7, 200, the U.S. presidential election between incumbent President George W. Bush (R) and Al Gore (D) hinged on the outcome of the state of Florida ballot recount and was ultimately decided with George W. Bush as President by a divided Supreme Court ruling on December 12.
1989 — Douglas Wilder becomes the first elected African American governor when he wins the election in Virginia.
1989 — David Dinkins becomes the first African American mayor when he wins the mayoral election in New York City.
1973 — The U.S. Congress limits the power of the President to wage war when it overrides President Richard M. Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution.
1967 — President Lyndon Baines Johnson signs establishes the Corporation for Public Broadcasting when he signs the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967.
1957 — The Gaither Report urges the production increase of American missiles and additional nuclear fallout shelters. 1944 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected for an unprecedented fourth term as President of the United States.
1910 — American Innovation: On November 7, 1910, the Wright Brothers and department store owner Max Morehouse succeed in making the first commercial air transport delivery when ten fabric bolts are airlifted from Dayton, Ohio to Columbus, Ohio.

November 7, 1910: The First Air Cargo Transport Delivery, Wright Brothers .

Today is November 5, 2016

1872 — On November 5, 1872, Susan B. Anthony defies U.S. law prohibiting women from voting, votes, and is arrested two weeks later. At her trial, amidst a packed courtroom, she is found guilty of illegal voting. Anthony is fined $100.00 and prosecution costs to which she retorts: "May it please your honor, I shall never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty. And I shall earnestly and persistently ... urge all women ... that resistance to tyranny is obedience to God."

Susan Brownell Anthony, American Social Reformer

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1831 — On November 5, 1831, Nat Turner, who led the largest rebellion in U.S. history of slaves and free blacks is sentenced to death. Nat Turner was born into slavery in Southampton County, Virginia, on October 2, 1800. His mind was keen — taught himself to read as a young boy. His spirit was strong — delved deeply into the Bible, prayed, fasted, and began to manifest visions from God. Fellow slaves named him "The Prophet." Hanged on November 11, 1831, his flayed body was beheaded and quartered. Essential Reading: The Confessions of Nat Turner by Nat Turner (not the William Styron version)


The Discovery of Nat Turner, Known as The Prophet by Fellow Slaves

Confessions of Nat Turner: Available at The White House Gift Shop Click on Image

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1994 — On November 5, 1994, President Ronald Reagan tells the nation that he suffers from Alzheimer's disease.
1968 — Richard M. Nixon is elected 37th President of the United States on November 5, 1964.
1946 — John F. Kennedy at the age of twenty-nine is elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.
1940 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) before term limits is elected to an unprecedented third term in office. He promises American neutrality in foreign wars: "Let no man or woman thoughtlessly or falsely talk of American people sending its armies to European fields." On December 7, 1941, a date which Roosevelt cited as "a date which will live in infamy" — the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, is attacked by Japanese planes. The next day, Roosevelt sought and received from Congress a declaration of war against Japan.
1912 — Thomas Woodrow Wilson (D) is re-elected 28th President of the United States (In Office March 4, 1913 - March 4, 1921) and Thomas R. Marshall is Vice President.
1862 — President Abraham Lincoln replaces George B. McClellan from his position as commander of the Army of the Potomac. McClellan had a contentious dynamic with Lincoln with episodes of insubordination, derision, repudiation of the party's platform, and Lincoln's perception of McClellan's strategic failure at the Battle of Antietam, although won by the Union.


Today is November 4, 2016
2008 — Barack Obama is elected 44th President of the United States on November 4, 2008.

Senator Barack Obama is Elected 44th President of the United States on November 4, 2008
1940 — On November 4, 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected to an unprecedented third term.

Presidential Election 2016: Observations

In four days, on November 8, 2016, Americans will choose and elect the 45^th President of the United States. During these scant days before election, millions of Americans will experience some form of election stress or anxiety: 52 percent of Americans report that this year’s election is a significant source of stress — evenly divided along party lines with 59% of Republicans and 55% of Democrats feeling significant election anxiety.

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Today is November 3, 2016
1964 — On November 3, 1964, President Lyndon Baines Johnson is elected to his first full term by defeating Barry Goldwater Sr. (R) with 60 percent of the popular vote. Johnson in 1963 became president after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963.

1964 — Residents of the District of Columbia vote for the first time in a presidential election on November 3, 1964 because of the passage of the Twenty-Third Amendment to the United
States Constitution giving D.C. citizens the right to vote for a president and vice president.


23rd Amendment to the United States Constitution

1868 — On this day, November 3, 1868, Ulysses S. Grant is elected 18th President of the United States in the first election after the American Civil War. This period was known as Reconstruction. Grant defeated the incumbent President, Andrew Johnson, who became president following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. Grant during his presidency fought for the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment to recognize the rights of blacks to vote.
1796 — John Adams is elected second President of the United States.

November 2 in Presidential History

1792, George Washington, 1st President of the United States (April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797)
On November 2, 1792 George Washington is unanimously elected by the Electoral College process to his second presidential term during the 2nd quadrennial election of 1792 held from November 2 to December 5, 1792. The 2nd quadrennial was the first election by electors of the original 13 states and the states of Kentucky and Vermont.


Today is November 1, 2016
1950 — On November 1, 1950, Secret Service Uniformed Division Officer, Leslie William Coffelt, dies while defending President Harry S. Truman from an assassination attempt outside of Blair House.


Funeral Services for White House Police Officer Leslie W. Coffelt
1800 — On November 1, 1800, President John Adams becomes the first president to reside in the President's House which later became known as The White House.

Today is October 31, 2016

1941 — 6,000 feet above seal level in North Dakota, Mount Rushmore is completed with massive images of Presidents Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt.
Today is October 29, 2016

1975 - On October 29, 1947, President Gerald Ford signs a law that banning gender or marital status discrimination in credit determinations.

1947 - On October 29, 1947, President Truman's Committee on Civil Rights, Executive Order 9808, publishes To Secure These Rights - documenting racial discrimination in the United States. Truman calls for desegregation of the armed forces and on February 1, 1948 asks Congress to establish a Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice.

1901 - President McKinley's assassin is electrocuted.

Today is October 27, 2016
1988 - On October 27, 1988, President Ronald Reagan halts U.S. Embassy construction in Moscow when listening devices are discovered in the structure.
1964 - On October 27, 1964, Ronald Reagan delivers the speech that launches his political career: "A Time for Choosing"
1795 - The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid on October 27, 1795.
1682 - On October 27, 1682, The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded.

Today is October 26, 2016

President Obama, October 26, 2009, U.S. Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, FL.
2009 — On October 26, 2009, President Obama addresses 3,400 Sailors, Marines, military families, and Department of Defense civilians at the U.S. Naval Air Station, Jacksonville, Florida.
2001— On October 26, 2001, the USA Patriot Act is signed into law.

Today is October 25, 2016

1764 — John Adams, future President, marries Abigail Smith on October 25, 1764: Their marriage lasts 54 years and President Adams calls her a “constant feast.”

1954 — President Dwight D. Eisenhower holds the first televised Cabinet meeting on October 25, 1954.

1973 — On October 25, 1973, President Richard M. Nixon orders the U.S. military on high alert to send a message that America will not allow the Soviet Union to interject military into the Middle East.

Today is October 24, 2016
1970 - President Richard M. Nixon asks radio broadcasters to avoid songs urging drug use.

1945 - On October 24, 1945, Roosevelt’s vision of the creation of the United Nations is realized as the UN charter is ratified by signatories including the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, China and 46 others. Roosevelt coined the phrase, “United Nations” in 1941 with its first use on a 1942 document entitled Declaration of the United Nations, a document pledging its signatories to united efforts in World War II and against making a separate peace.

1861 - On October 24, 1861, Justice Stephen J. Field sends the first transcontinental telegraph message: The recipient of the first message is President Abraham Lincoln.


Today is October 23, 2016

1962 — On October 22, 1962, President John F. Kennedy announces the discovery of Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba and orders a naval quarantine of that nation.

1965 — President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Highway Beautification Act on October 22, 1965.

1981 — On October 22, 1981, the U.S. Federal Labor Relations Authority decertifies the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization for its August strike.

Today is October 21, 2016
1994 — On October 21, 1994, the United States and North Korea sign an agreement that requires the cessation of North Korea's nuclear weapons program and inspections. Since 1991, the U.S. employed coercion methods which failed. Cooperative methods were then used which appeared to have success as Jimmy Carter interceded with top-level diplomacy. On June 16, 1994, after peaceful means failed, Bill Clinton sent precautionary military reinforcements to South Korea because North Korea repeatedly denounced sanctions as a "declaration of war." On October 21, 1994, negotiations succeeded — the U.S. and North Korea reached an Agreed Framework. On November 21, 2003, the agreement broke down. Today, North Korea is able to make approximately 20 nuclear bombs with the capability with increased uranium production to produce at least six additional nuclear weapons each year.

1959 — President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an order transferring German scientists including Wernher von Braun from the U.S. Army to NASA.

1921 — On October 21, 1921, President Warren G. Harding on October 21, 1921 delivers the first speech by an incumbent U.S. president denouncing the lynching of blacks — a speech in Alabama in which he avows full civil rights for African Americans as well as suffrage for women. During 1920, alone, the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) reported, on average, the murder by lynching of at least two African Americans each week. While the anti-lynching bill was approved in the House of Representatives, it died in the Senate. Efforts failed for a half-century to pass similar Civil Rights Laws. Civil Rights for blacks did not become law until Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act in 1964.

1879 — American Invention: On October 21, 1879, Thomas Edison invents the first practical incandescent light bulb.

1797 — On October 21, 1797, the USS Constitution is launched, a 44-gun frigate.

1774 — On October 21, 1774, colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts display for the first time the word "Liberty" as they raise a flag in defiance of British rule.

Today is October 18, 2016

Today is October 18, 2016 with 74 Days Until the End of the Yer

Today at the White House, October 18, 2016

President Barack Obama will host a state dinner for Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi. President Obama and Prime Minister Renzi have a close relationship based upon progressive ideals and will discuss trade, the migrant crisis in the Mediterranean Sea — thousands of migrants have died this year consequent of overloaded boats that capsized. A joint press conference is scheduled around noon.

1898 — The United States on October 18. 1898 under the administration of President William McKinley, twenty-fifth president (1843-1901), raises the American flag in Puerto Rico having signed an armistice ending the Spanish-American War with Spain. The Spanish-American War originated in principle with the struggle of Cuba for independence from Spain confluent with America's goal to end colonialism. On April 25, 1898, Spain sunk the Battleship Maine in Havana Harbor. On February 15, 1898, the U.S. declared war on Spain. The war ended on December 10, 1898 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Spain ceded to the United States all claims to Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and with the exchange of $20 million — sovereignty over the Philippines.

History in Context of the the World in 1898: American architect Frank Lloyd Wright moves his practice to Oak Park, Illinois; Winston Churchill transfers to Egypt joining the 21st Lancers serving in the Sudan, poet T. S. Eliot attends Smith Academy; Oscar Wilde's The Ballad of Gaol is published after Wilde's two years of hard labor imprisonment for acts of gross indecency, a period that inspired his poem; James Joyce, novelist enrolls at University College Dublin and will become one of the greatest influences in modern literature; The USS Maine explodes off the Coast of Havana and the U.S. declares war on Spain; Enzo Ferrari of race car fame is born and will become a race car test driver in 1981; American novelist Willa Cather publishes The Way of the World; The Battle of Manila Bay is fought on May 1, 1898; Theodore Roosevelt becomes Lieutenant-Colonel of the Rough Riders; The Battle of San Juan is fought on May 10, 1898; United States launches the first attack of the invasion of Guantanamo Bay; Hawaii is annexed by the U.S. on July 1, 1898; Seventy men die and are entombed in a coal mine explosion at the Empire Mine near Brownsville, PA; On November 8, 1898, Theodore Roosevelt is elected Governor of New York; The Portland Gale storm strikes off the New England coast (November 26-27) and over 150 vessels are lost at sea and in harbor — more than 400 persons die.

1867 — Today is Alaska Day. On October 8, 1867, during the administration of President Andrew Johnson, the American flag flew in Alaska for the first time when the United States took formal possession of Alaska from Russia. Nearly twice the size of Texas, William Seward, Johnson's Secretary of State, had closed the deal with Russia at $7.2 million, approximately 2 cents per acre. The acquisition of Alaska increased the size of the U.S. by 586,412 square miles. Russia had several reasons for selling Alaska, one of which was its belief that the sale would cause the United States to buffer the goals of Russia's strategic rival in the Pacific, Great Britain. For three decades subsequent to the purchase, the U.S. gave scant attention to Alaska, but this changed in 1869 with the discovery of significant gold deposits in the Yukon. Moreover, Alaska's vital importance to the United States became manifest during World War II. On January 3, 1959, Alaska became a state.

Today is October 17

1823 — Monroe Doctrine: On October 17, 1823, President James Monroe writes a letter requesting Thomas Jefferson's foreign policy advice regarding Great Britain's proposed joint declaration that warns Spain and France not to intervene in the affairs of Central and South America. Concurrently, John Quincy Adams, Monroe's Secretary of State, is concerned by Russia's encroachment on the western coast of North America and expresses his concern to Monroe. During a cabinet meeting on November 7, 1823, Adams will frame his perspective: "It would be more candid, as well as more dignified, to avow our principles explicitly to Russia and France, than to come in as a cockboat in the wake of the British man-of-war." On December 2, 1823, President James Monroe in his seventh annual message to Congress articulates what will eventually be known as the Monroe Doctrine — obligating European powers to respect the Western Hemisphere as the sphere of interest of the United States.

Today is October 13, 2016

1962 — On October 16, 1962, President John F. Kennedy addresses Americans about the Cuban missile crisis and U.S. Intelligence reconnaissance photographs of the presence of Russian sponsored missile bases in Cuba.

John F. Kennedy Confronts the Cuban Missile Crisis



1854 - On October 16, 1854, Congressional candidate, Abraham Lincoln, denounces slavery as immoral.



Today is October 13, 2016

2012 — On October 13, 2012, President Barack Obama in his weekly address talks about the more than one million jobs saved in the American auto industry:

We refused to let Detroit go bankrupt. We bet on American workers and American ingenuity, and three years later, that bet is paying off in a big way. Today, auto sales are the highest they’ve been in more than four years. GM is back. Ford and Chrysler are growing again. Together, our auto industry has created nearly a quarter of a million new jobs right here in America. - President Barack Obama


2001 — On October 13, 2001, President George W. Bush signs the Security and Accountability For Every Port Act of 2006.

1987 — On October 13, 1987, George H. W. Bush announces his candidacy for President and wins the Republican nomination at the RNC national convention in New Orleans in August, 1988.

1989 — On October 13, 1989, President George H. W. Bush calls for the overthrow of the Manuel Antonio Noriega in Panama.

1792 — The cornerstone to the Executive Mansion (which became known as the White House in 1818) is set in Washington, DC on October 13, 1792.


1775 — On October 13, 1775, the U.S. Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy which is later renamed the United States Navy.

Today is October 12, 2016

1961 - On October 12, 1961, the first video memoirs by a U.S. president were made. Walter Cronkite interviews Dwight D. Eisenhower and the first presidential video memoirs are made.

2001 - On October 12, 2001, President George W. Bush requests and receives a special episode of America's Most Wanted television series with focus on 22 most wanted terrorists.



Today is October 11, 2016

1884 — Eleanor Roosevelt is born.

1939 — Albert Einstein sends a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt urging the President to rapidly develop a U.S. atomic weapons program rapidly.

2002 — President Jimmy Carter is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.


Today is October 8, 2016

1913— On October 8, 1913, President Woodrow Wilson explodes Gamboa Dike the last barrier to completion of the Panama Canal.

1957 — On October 8, 1957, Dwight D. Eisenhower apologies to Ghana's finance minister, Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, who was refused service in a Dover, Delaware restaurant.

1973 — On October 8, 1973, President Spiro Agnew resigns after federal income tax evasion charges.

1978 — On October 8, 1978, Jimmy Carter authorizes the Susan B. Anthony dollar.

2001— On October 8, 2001, George W. Bush releases a list of twenty-two most wanted terrorists.

2002 — On October 8, 2002, United States Congress Congress authorizes President George W. Bush the authority to use military force in Iraq.

2010 — On October 8, 2010, Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden speak at the DNC "Moving America Forward" Rally at Fulton Elementary School Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.



Today is October 8, 2016


1869 — On October 8, 1869, Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States, dies

1945 — On October 8, 1945, President Harry S. Truman states he will release atomic bomb secrets only to Britain and Canada.

1981 — On October 8, 1981, President Ronald Reagan greets former Presidents Carter, Ford and Nixon at the White House as they prepare to travel to Egypt to attend the funeral of Anwar Sadat.

1970 — On October 8, 1970, the communist delegation in Paris rejects President Richard Nixon’s Vietnam peace proposal.

2001 — On October 8, 1869, President George W. Bush announces the United States has launched an attack against Taliban forces in Afghanistan.

2001 — On October 8, 2001, Liza Minnelli performs at the White House Columbus Day celebration.

2002 — On October 8, 2002, George Tenet, CIA director, says that Saddam Hussein might help extremists launch terror attacks.




Today is October 6, 2016

2013 — On October 6, 2013, President Barack Obama orders U.S. flags to be flown at half-staff to pay tribute to American fire fighters.


1949 — October 6, 1949, President Harry S. Truman signs the Mutual Defense Assistance Act providing $1.3 billion in military aid to NATO allies.


1961 — On October 6, 1961, President John F. Kennedy advises Americans to install bomb shelters for protection from nuclear war with the Soviet Union.


1979 — On October 6, 1979, Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to visit the White House.




Today is October 4, 2016 (Thanksgiving Day for 2016 is Thursday , November 24)


1994 — South African President Nelson Mandela visits President Clinton at the White House.

1822 — Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States, is born.



Today is October 3, 2016 (Thanksgiving Day for 2016 is Thursday , November 24)



2012 — On October 3, 2012, President Barack Obama debates Republican Presidential Candidate, Mitt Romney, at the Magness Arena, University of Denver, Colorado. Jim Lehrer of PBS News Hour is the moderator.

2008 — President George W. Bush signs the Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 on October 3, 2008.

1991 — On this day in U.S. presidential history, October 3, 1991, Bill Clinton on the steps of the Old State House Museum, Little Rock, Arkansas, announces his run for President of the United States.



Bill Clinton Announces Run for President, October 3, 1991


1942 — On October 3, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established The Office of Economic Stabilization and approves price control of wages, farm prices, and rents.

1863 —On this day in U.S. history, October 3, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln Lincoln declares the last Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day: A day of "Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens."

1789 — On October 3, 1789, George Washington proclaims Thanksgiving Day a regular national holiday which previously was not always celebrated as a federal holiday and part of Christmas and the New Year as the broader American holiday season.

1778 — Captain James Cook lands in Alaska on October 3, 1778.



Today is October 2, 2016


1996 — President Bill Clinton signs the Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments on October 2, 1996.

1967 — Thurgood Marshall is sworn in and becomes the first African-American Supreme Court Justice on October 2, 1967.



Thurgood Marshall, Supreme Court Justice



1937 — Ronald Reagan makes his acting debut On October 2, 1937 at age 26 in Warner Bros. "Love Is on the Air."


Future President Ronald Reagan Starts His Acting Career at Age 26 in Love is in the Air


1919 — On October 2, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson is partially paralyzed by a stroke.

1789 — George Washington signs and sends to 11 states the 12 proposed constitutional amendments of which 10 are ratified as the Bill of Rights.

The Bill of Rights

Amendment I

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment II

A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

Amendment III

No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Amendment IV

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Amendment V

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Amendment VI

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

Amendment VII

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Amendment VIII

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Amendment IX

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment X

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.




Today is September 30, 2016

1968 — Presidential Election Positions: On September 30, 1968, Hubert Humphrey, Democratic presidential candidate, announces his willingness to halt the bombing of North Vietnam if Hanoi demonstrates any willingness to restore the Demilitarized Zone between North and South Vietnam.

1962 — Civil Rights: On September 30, 1962, President John F. Kennedy sends 3,000 federal troops to Mississippi amidst riots over the denial of enrollment of African American Air Force Veteran, James H. Meredith, to the University of Mississippi. Within one day, Meredith is enrolled and begins classes.

1889 — Voting Rights: On September 30, 1889, Wyoming approves a constitution that includes the right of women to vote and becomes the first state in American history to assure this right.

1776 — American Revolutionary War: On September 30, 1776, George Washington writes to his nephew, Lund Washington, of the discipline and battlefield performance problems of the American militia.



Global Strategic News for September 30, 2016

9/30/2016 — Energy: OPEC will discuss oil production cuts with a stated goal of ameliorating the effect on markets of an emerging surge in oil supplies.

9/30/2016 — Global Trade: The BREXIT debate continues in the United Kingdom relative to Parliament's authority in the authorization of BREXIT negotiation with the European Union.

9/30/2016 — Relations: Jordan finalized a $10 billion Israeli natural gas delivery agreement with Noble and Delek.

9/30/2016 — Military: The United States and the Philippines will continue joint military exercises in 2017.

Today is September 29, 2016

2008 – On September 29, 2008, the Dow Jones Industrial fell 777.68 points after the Lehman Brothers and Washington Mutual bankruptcies - the largest single-point loss in the DOW history. Then Senator Barack Obama, Democratic presidential candidate, states: "The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers poses a significant threat to the American economy."

1975 – On September 29, 1975, WGPR, Detroit, Michigan, becomes first black-owned-and-operated television station in the world.

1789 – The United States Department of War establishes a regular army.

1789 – The First Congress of the United States adjourns.

1776 – American Revolutionary War: On September 16, 1776, the Battle of Harlem Heights, New York, is fought with Commander-in-Chief George Washington holding high ground positions with 9,000 men and Major General Henry Clinton of the British Army commanding about 5,000 troops. Washington won the battle, an important victor for troop morale.

1908 – American Industry: General Motors is founded on September 16, 1908. In 1953, President Eisenhower nominated GM CEO Charles Wilson as Secretary of Defense. At the hearings, Wilson was asked if he would be able to make decisions contrary to the interests of General Motors. Wilson replied, “I thought what was good for the country was good for General Motors and vice versa.”

2008 – On September 16, 2008, Barack Obama speaks in Golden, Colorado about the state of the economy: “Over the last few days, we have seen clearly what’s at stake in this election. The news from Wall Street has shaken the American people’s faith in our economy. The situation with Lehman Brothers and other financial institutions is the latest in a wave of crises that have generated tremendous uncertainty about the future of our financial markets. This is a major threat to our economy and its ability to create good-paying jobs and help working Americans pay their bills, save for their future, and make their mortgage payments.”

1776 — American Revolutionary War: On September 15, 1776, British General Howe lands on lower Manhattan with 12,000 troops, taking control of New York City.

1789 — On September 15, 1789, The U.S. Department of Foreign Affairs becomes the Department of State.

1857 — On September 15, 1857, William H. Taft is born and will become the future 27th President of the United States.

1944 — On September 15, 1944, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet to discuss war strategy at The Octagon Conference in Quebec, Canada.

1959 — On September 15, 1959, Nikita Khrushchev becomes the first Soviet leader to visit the White House and he and his wife, Nina Petrovna Khrushcheva, attend. a state dinner with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and first lady Mamie Eisenhower.



President Dwight Eisenhower and Nikita Khrushchev at a White House State Dinner



1914 — President Woodrow Wilson on September 15, 1914, stops the Punitive Expedition's search for Pancho Villa in Mexico.

1966 — President Lyndon B. Johnson responds to a sniper attack at the University of Texas on September 15, 1966 by urging Congress to legislate gun control measures.

1972 — Watergate indictments begin on September 15, 1972.

1994 — President Clinton confronts Haitian military leaders on September 15, 1994 and states, "Your time is up. Leave now or we will force you from power."

— On September 9, 1979, President Jimmy Carter grants clemency to four imprisoned Puerto Rican nationalists for an attack on the U.S. House of Representatives in 1954, an attempted assassination of U.S. President Truman at Blair House in 1950, and the murder of Secret Service Uniformed Division Officer Leslie William Coffelt who was killed while defending Truman from the attempted assassination.


1964 — President Lyndon Johnson authorizes new covert operations and military actions to "assist morale in South Vietnam and show the Communists we still mean business."

1963 — Intelligence Matters: Having sent Major General Victor Krulak and Joseph Mendenhall of the State Department to Vietnam for a firsthand situation assessment, Krulak reports progress in the war while Mendenhall reports the Diem regime nearing collapse in Saigon. Kennedy, frustrated by the orthogonal situation reports, retorts, "You two did visit the same country, didn't you?"

1942 — On September 9, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt mandates wartime gas rationing.


Gasoline Ration Card, World War II

1913 — On September 9, 1913, New York City holds a parade honoring World War I veterans and General John J. Pershing

1833 — President Andrew Jackson closes the Second Bank of the United States.

1776 — General George Washington asks for a volunteer to undertake a dangerous human intelligence assignment. Nathan Hale, 19th Regiment of the Continental Army, steps forward and becomes a spy to gather intelligence in New York City in the American Revolutionary War. Later, captured by the British, Hale is executed with his last words before being hanged "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." Nathan Hale is the official state hero of the State of Connecticut.



Nathan Hale, Official State Hero of Connecticut


1608 — In Jamestown, Virginia, John Smith is elected council president.

1570 — Jesuit missionaries from Spain land in Virginia.

with 113 Days Until Year's End

1966 — President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act on September 9, 1968.

1965 — The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development is created.

1956 — On September 9, 1956, Elvis Presley performs on the Ed Sullivan Show. On December 21, 1970, Elvis will visit President Richard M. Nixon in the White House, will suggest that he be made a Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs Federal Agent-at-Large, Nixon will order a badge for Elvis, and while at lunch in the White House mess, Elvis will receive his narcotics badge. On August 16, 1977, at age 42, Elvis dies of a suspected overdose of prescription drugs.





Elvis Presley in the Oval Office



Elvis Presley with President Richard M. Nixon


1957 — President Eisenhower signs the first civil rights bill on September 9. 1957.

1893 — On September 9, 1893, First Lady Frances Cleveland gives birth to Esther who is the first child born in the White House of a first lady and president.

1893 — Abraham Lincoln receives his license to practice law on September 9, 1893..

Flag Day in School, 1899

at the age of 69 is the first woman to legally cast a vote in a United States general election. She casts her vote in Laramie, Wyoming on September 6, 1870.

1620 — On September 6, 1620, the Pilgrims also known as the Pilgrim Fathers set sail on The Mayflower (a square-rigged and beak bowed merchant-like ship) from Plymouth, England to begin settlement in North America. Aboard are 102 passengers with a crew of approximately 30. Their story becomes an epic of American history: struggle, death, survival, visionary creation of a fundamental form of a new democracy with the writing and signing of the Mayflower Compact.



The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor

From The White House Gift Shop, Est. 1946® Mayflower Commemorative Collection




Today is September 5, 2016

Today is September 3 of 2016 with 119 Days Remaining in the Year

2012 — Assessing the damage of Hurricane Issac, President Barack Obama meets with officials in St. John's Parish, Louisiana and approves individual assistance in the disaster declaration.



President Obama, Hurricane Issac, Louisiana


1943 — General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Italian Marshall Pietro Badoglio sign the Armistice of Cassibile aboard the British battleship HMS Nelson.

1783 — On September 3, 1783, America and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolutionary War.

Today is August 30 of 2016 with 124 Days Remaining in the Year

1967 — Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Supreme Court Justice and will establish a 24 year legacy of protecting the rights of the individual guaranteed by the United States Constitution.




Thurgood Marshall, Supreme Court Justice



1963 — "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's back 1234567890" is the first message transmitted over the Washington-Moscow hotline on August 30, 1963. Known as the "red telephone", no phones were ever used. The hotline was a system of teletypes allowing the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union a means of direct communication.


Washington - Moscow Hotline: The Red Telephone in 1963




1776 — George Washington rejects British General George Howe's second letter of reconciliation and states three reasons to the New York Convention for an American retreat from Long Island. The British will capture New York City on September 15 and hold it until the end of the American Revolutionary War.


Today is August 29 Day of 2016 with 125 Days Remaining in the Year

Fifty-three years ago, on August 26, 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment was certified as part of our Constitution, assuring that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."

The struggle for women's suffrage, however, was only the first step toward full and equal participation of women in our Nation's life. In recent years, we have made other giant strides by attacking sex discrimination through our laws and by paving new avenues to equal economic opportunity for women. Today, in virtually every sector of our society, women are making important contributions to the quality of American life.

And yet, much still remains to be done. American women, though they represent a majority of our population, still suffer from myriad forms of discrimination.

In the pursuit of equal rights for women, the Federal Government must take the lead and set the example. As I reminded the heads of executive departments and agencies in 1971, American women represent an important reservoir of ability and dedication which Government must draw upon to a greater degree. I therefore directed at that time that the Government demonstrate its recognition of the equality of women by making greater use of their skills.

Last year, with the enactment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, a strong new statutory base was provided for furthering equal opportunity for women in the Federal Government. With the help of this new tool, Federal agencies are now carrying out affirmative action plans to guarantee full opportunity for the advancement of women in accordance with their abilities. During the past two years, the number of women in the middle and higher grade levels of Government employment has significantly increased. And we are determined to do better still.

While we are making great strides to eliminate outright job discrimination because of sex in the Federal Government, we must recognize that people's attitudes cannot be changed by laws alone. There still exist elusive prejudices born of mores and customs that stand in the way of progress for women. We must do all that we can to overcome these barriers against what is fair and right.

Because I firmly believe that women should not be denied equal protection of the laws of this Nation and equal opportunity to participate fully in our national life, I reaffirm again my support for the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution. This amendment can represent a giant step forward in achieving full equality of opportunity for all Americans as we approach the 200th birthday of our Nation. I hope it will be speedily ratified.

The Congress has, by House Joint Resolution 52, 93rd Congress, designated August 26, 1973, as Women's Equality Day, and authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in commemoration of that day in 1920 on which women of America were first guaranteed the right to vote.

Now, Therefore, I, Richard Nixon, President of the United States of America, do hereby call upon the people of the United States and interested groups and organizations to observe August 26, 1973, as Women's Equality Day with appropriate ceremonies and activities. I further urge all our people to use this occasion to reflect on the importance of achieving equal rights and opportunities for women and to dedicate themselves anew to that great goal. For the cause of equal rights and opportunities for women is inseparable from the cause of human dignity and equal justice for all.

In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and ninety-eighth.

RICHARD NIXON

1948 — The U.S. House of Representatives Un-American Activities Committee, HUAC, established in 1937 to investigate alleged subversive or disloyal activities as well as Communist connections by private citizens, government employees, and organizations — holds the first-ever televised congressional hearing. The hearing is called "Confrontation Day" during which Whittaker Chambers, a former spy for the Soviet Union, then a foreign desk editor for Time magazine, testifies against Alger Hiss, a government official, accused of being a Soviet spy. Hiss is eventually convicted of perjury relative to this charge in 1950.

Debate continued about the validity of the Hiss verdict but media consensus tended to sustain that Hiss had been a Soviet agent. In a report in the New York Times in 2001, staff reporter James Barron cites "a growing consensus that Hiss, indeed, had most likely been a Soviet agent."

As early as October 26, 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had attacked HUAC as a cover for attacks on progressive democratic social policies in America. In the late 1940s, one member of HUAC was a first-term U.S. representative and future 37th President of the United States, Richard M. Nixon. HUAC was renamed the Committee on Internal Security in 1969 and continued operations without further subpoenas until 1975.

1902 — Henry M. Leland (February 16, 1843 - March 26, 1932) founds The Cadillac Motor Company (later bought by General Motors on July 29, 1909 for $4.5 million) and founds the Lincoln Motor Company in 1917 — named after President Abraham Lincoln for whom Leland had cast his very first presidential vote in 1864.

- President Theodore Roosevelt in Hartford, Connecticut, becomes the first president of the United States to ride in an automobile.

Today is August 21, 2016 with 132 Days Remaining in the Year

1968 — Pfc. James Anderson is posthumously awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor by President Lyndon B. Johnson and becomes the first African American U.S. Marine to receive this award.

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as a rifleman, Second Platoon, Company F, Second Battalion, Third Marines, Third Marine Division, in Vietnam on 28 February 1967. Company F was advancing in dense jungle northwest of Cam Lo in an effort to extract a heavily besieged reconnaissance patrol. Private First Class Anderson's platoon was the lead element and had advanced only about 200 meters when they were brought under extremely intense enemy small arms and automatic weapons fire. The platoon reacted swiftly, getting on line as best they could in the thick terrain, and began returning fire. Private First Class Anderson found himself tightly bunched together with the other members of the platoon only 20 meters from the enemy positions. As the fire fight continued several of the men were wounded by the deadly enemy assault. Suddenly, an enemy grenade landed in the midst of the Marines and rolled alongside Private First Class Anderson's head. Unhesitatingly and with complete disregard for his own personal safety, he reached out, grasped the grenade, pulled it to his chest and curled around it as it went off. Although several Marines received shrapnel from the grenade, his body absorbed the major force of the explosion. In this singularly heroic act, Private First Class Anderson saved his comrades from serious injury and possible death. His personal heroism, extraordinary valor, and inspirational supreme self-sacrifice reflected great credit upon himself and the Marine Corps and upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service He gallantly gave his life for his country.

Today is August 18, 2016 with 135 Days Remaining in the Year

1940 — Walter P. Chrysler dies at the age of 65 in Great Neck, New York. In 1925, Chrysler founded the automotive company that bears his name, now Fiat Chrysler, headquartered in Auburn Hills, Michigan with major brands including Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, and Ram Trucks. At the end of the 1980s, a massive global recession accelerated a crisis in the U.S. automotive industry. In November of 2008, Chrysler and General Motors asked President Obama and Congress for emergency assistance to prevent industry collapse and received $85 billion in government loans to restructure and create new business models. On December 20, 2014, The Detroit News quoted President Barack Obama's announcement: "Today, our rescue of the American auto industry is now officially over." While some economists continue to cipher details of loan repayments and while free trade theorists debate government bailouts for private sector corporations, one thing is certain — for American auto workers and automotive industry suppliers — results count: On January 3, 2016, The Wall Street Journal reported the U.S. domestic auto industry is the healthiest in decades with expected record-breaking sales. - AG




1938 — President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicates the The Thousand Islands Bridge connecting the U.S. and Canada.

Today is August 16 with 137 Days Remaining in 2016

2009 — President Barack Obama gazes at the majesty of the Grand Canyon in Arizona.





2008 — Presidential nominee, Donald J. Trump's International Hotel and Tower, Chicago, Illinois, becomes the world's highest above-ground residence (1,389 feet).

2002 — President George W. Bush comments on the August 30th strike date for major league baseball players, saying: "The baseball owners and baseball players must understand ... a lot of fans are going to be furious, and I'm one of them."

1861 — President Abraham Lincoln prohibits Union states trading with Confederate states.

1858 — Celebrating the completion of the trans-Atlantic cable, Britain's Queen Victoria sends a message to President Buchanan.

1841 — President John Tyler (10th President of the United States, March 29, 1790 - January 18, 1862) vetoes the bill calling for the re-establishment of the Second Bank of the United States and violent riots occur outside the White House by enraged Whig Party members. The Whig Party advocated supremacy of Congress over the Presidency, favored banking protectionism, industrial modernization, and economic protections. The name "Whigs" reflects the American Whigs who in 1776 opposed tyranny and fought for independence. Two Whig Party candidates were elected President, William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor. The party collapsed because of deep divides over slavery expansion to the territories.

1812 — In the War of 1812, General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit to the British Army and does so without a fight.

August 10 in Presidents History

1995 — Jimmy Buffet leads the birthday celebration at the White House for President Bill Clinton.

1993 — President Bill Clinton signs the massive deficit reduction bill - the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (OBRA-93).

1968 — President Ronald Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act of 1968 which provides compensation to Japanese Americans interned or relocated in the U.S. during World War II.

1921 — Franklin D. Roosevelt is stricken with polio.

1949 — President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act Amendment to replace the Department of War with the Department of Defense.

1874 — Herbert Clark Hoover is born and will grow to become the 31st President of ther United States.

1821 — Missouri becomes the 24th U.S. state.

1776 — News reaches London of the United States Declaration of Independence.

August 9 in Presidents History

2001 — President George W. Bush announces his support for federal funding for limited embryonic stem cell research.

1848 — Martin Van Buren is nominated for president by the Free-Soil Party.

August 8

1974 — President Richard M. Nixon addresses the Nation and announces his resignation as President of the United States.

1968 — Richard Nixon is nominated for president at the Republican National Convention.

1945 — President Harry S. Truman signs the United Nations Charter.

1855 — Over 1.5 million mourners attend or watch the funeral procession in New York City for President Ulysses S. Grant.

August 7

1782 General George Washington creates the Purple Heart as the "Badge for Military Merit" consisting of a purple, heart-shaped piece of silk, edged with a narrow binding of silver with the word Merit stitched across the face in silver. The badge was to be presented to soldiers for "any singularly meritorious action" and also permitted its wearer to pass guards and sentinels without challenge. Today, The Order of the Purple Heart is awarded to members of the United States armed forces who have been killed or wounded in action against an enemy and to soldiers who have suffered torture as prisoners of war. This year's annual commemorative ornament of the White House Gift Shop honors Washington's creation of the Purple Heart, his liberation of Boston, and military service members of all branches.

The 2016 White House Gift Shop Official Ornament designed by Giannini honors military service members of all branches, Washington's creation of the Purple Heart and his Liberation of Boston shown in background of painting.

August 5

1965 — President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

August 4

2011 — President Barack Obama suspends immigrant entry of persons who participate in human rights violations and abuses.

"The United States enduring commitment to respect for human rights and humanitarian law requires that its Government be able to ensure that the United States does not become a safe haven for serious violators of human rights and humanitarian law and those who engage in other related abuses. Universal respect for human rights and humanitarian law and the prevention of atrocities internationally promotes U.S. values and fundamental U.S. interests in helping secure peace, deter aggression, promote the rule of law, combat crime and corruption, strengthen democracies, and prevent humanitarian crises around the globe. " - President Barack Obama

1977 — President Jimmy Carter creates the Department of Energy.

1961 — Barack Obama is born and will become the 44th U.S. president.

1914 — President Woodrow Wilson proclaims the neutrality of the United States in World War I.

1862 — U.S. collects the first income tax.

1790 — The U.S. Coast Guard is founded as the Revenue Cutter Service.

1753 — George Washington becomes a master mason.